My Philosophy Of Education Education Is About Caring Education Essay

I work in Universitas Terbuka ( UT ) , Indonesia Open University, as an academic staff who can be considered as a instructor. At UT, my pupils are early childhood instruction and besides primary instruction instructors. Actually, I ne'er had any dream to be a instructor. However, I think I do my occupation as a instructor merely following my inherent aptitude, even though I learn some cognition about how to learn when I did my unmarried man grade. Honestly, I got my unmarried man grade in learning without cognizing what and why I have to cognize my doctrine of instruction. But, I learn in SFU that my instruction is really influenced by my doctrine of instruction. My doctrine of instruction will be shown in my instruction as I learned that â€Å" how you teach is who you are † ( Hill, Stremmel, & A ; Hu, 2005, p. 25 ) . In learning I remember that I have to do lesson programs, Teach and so make the rating to prove the pupils. I know that I have to set pupils as the centre of my instruction activities. I understand it since instruction for me is the attempts for assisting people to make the best they can be, and to do them turn as human existences. However, I am ne'er certain whether the manner I teach has shown pupils as being at the Centre of my instruction. I am afraid my instruction is far from the manner it should be. I hope I can larn more about how to be a good and caring instructor while I am analyzing in SFU. For me instruction basically involves learning: everything is ( or can be ) learning. Therefore, my doctrine of instruction relates with the act of instruction, and in thought of my doctrine of instruction, I remember David Orr ‘s article in 1990. I was interested and besides compelled by Orr ‘s ( 1990 ) rubric of his article: â€Å" What is instruction for? † Orr ( 1990 ) , an conservationist, said that instruction will non vouch the alumnuss being nice, prudent, or wise. In fact, he said instruction has added many jobs to the universe. Orr had an sentiment that the environmental devastation on Earth resulted from educated people. He farther stated that to salvage the universe, we need instruction of a certain sort. We need larning that can do us a better people. What is the acquisition that help us to be better human existences? I think we need larning to care for others in order to forestall people from making injury to others. I besides remember that when I was still a pupil, I would larn more if my instructor showed his/her attending ; at least he/she knew my name, and wanted to listen to my troubles in analyzing the capable affair. So, a caring instructor will actuate me to larn. How can we larn about caring in instruction? This is a inquiry I wish to research in this paper. Based on my occupation as a instructor in my university, I have to larn about caring in instruction, and I want to assist my university pupil instructors aware of the demand of learning caring in their schoolrooms, whether in early childhood instruction, or in primary instruction scenes. I think that it is necessary for kids to larn about caring since their early old ages to assist them larn that their lovingness can salvage other people every bit good as themselves. Therefore, instructors need to larn or to assist their pupils or their kids to care for others, every bit good as for themselves, for the community, and for the natural environment. In this essay, I will seek to explicate my thoughts about lovingness, why lovingness is of import as the purpose of instruction, how lovingness can be shown in my work as a instructor and an academic staff in UT, and in conclusion, my decision will depict the deductions of caring in my work at Universitas Terbuka.What is Caring?In specifying lovingness, I am truly impressed by Noddings ‘s thought about caring since I think as human beings we have to care to each other. Caring as mentioned by Nodding ( 2005 ) is a caring relation ; a lovingness relation is â€Å" a connexion or brush between two human existences † ( p.15 ) who are â€Å" a carer and a receiver of attention, or cared-for. In order for relation to be decently called lovingness, both parties must lend to it in characteristic ways † ( p.15 ) . The word picture of lovingness is as â€Å" concentration and motivational supplanting † ( p.15 ) . Noddings describes motivational supplanting as the procedure of puting your attending on others when you listen, see, or experience, what the other attempts to convey ( p.16 ) . There is the attending on others and the desire to assist people, every bit good ( p.16 ) . As for concentration, Noddings says it is â€Å" an unfastened, nonselective receptiveness to the cared-for † ( p.15 ) : this quality of complete attending to the other. In add-on, a response, acknowledgment, and response seems to be had by the cared-for to demo that the lovingness has been received ( p.16 ) . Noddings besides references that we could non merely say that we care for something without demoing it ( p.17-18 ) . Caring can be learnt, instructors non merely have to make caring dealingss in which they are the carers, but they besides have a duty to assist pupils develop the capacity to care ( p.18 ) . Noddings references that human existences can care about thoughts or objects every bit good as attention for the rational affair ; these signifiers of caring are besides mentioned by Weil ( p.18, in Noddings, 2005 ) as rational lovingness and interpersonal lovingness. However, caring instructors listen and react differentially and unambiguously to their pupils and their assorted dispositions and demands. What Noding wants to convey in her thought about lovingness is that caring does besides include witting love, attending, seeing, listening, understanding others ‘ feelings, and assisting or prosecuting in action as needed. So, when I show my attending to my pupils, in the same clip I besides try to see, listen with empathy, demo a common apprehension, and engage in some actions as my lovingness response. I besides have to larn more about lovingness in order to do my caring meaningful for my pupils, and my pupils can besides care in the manner they teach their pupils. Further, Hill, Stremmel, & A ; Hu ( 2005 ) noted that â€Å" the lovingness instructor attempts to look through pupils ‘ eyes, to fight with them as topics in hunt of their ain undertakings, their ain ways of doing sense of the universe ( Green, 1988, in Hill, Stremmel, & A ; Hu,2005, p. 33 ) . This is empathy. Furthermore, Hill, Stremmel, & A ; Hu ( 2005 ) stated that caring instructors try to larn together with their pupils, and â€Å" be a spouse, nurturer, and usher in making multiple chances for larning based on relationship † ( p. 33 ) . By larning, instructors can understand their pupils, and understand themselves every bit good. In instruction, really, I believe that as a instructor, I am besides larning from my pupils, and if I have a good relationship with pupils I can larn more about my pupils, and my pupils can besides understand me as their instructor. Therefore, I can hold some feedback to better my instruction every bit good as I can give my pupils some remarks to better their acquisition. This common apprehension I hope can take to assist me making a better acquisition environment for my pupils to larn better and deeper. Here are more about the features of caring instructors, harmonizing to Caldwell ( 2008 ) from her research, and they are: Student-oriented instructor: dainty all pupils with regard, believes in me, listens, is patient, promote me to believe The work oriented instructor: is bases my class on more than prep and trials, is willing to set the work load if needed, is willing to give excess clip for finishing assignments, is willing to alter the schoolroom regulations when necessary, accepts more than one reply to a inquiry. The Teacher Who Engages Students: Is an expert in the topic, helps me to go independent, is willing to give excess clip for finishing assignments, provides chances for schoolroom treatments, offers â€Å" excess recognition † activities. The Active Teacher: Is energetic, has a sense of wit, tells narratives and uses illustrations, provides interesting assignments, bases my class on more than prep and trials. Students now ask for a instructor who has to hold some interesting schemes that can pull pupils ‘ attending. By going an active, energetic, and humourous instructor, pupils seem like a instructor who can besides entertain them. Possibly, by utilizing some wit, I can forestall my pupils from acquiring bored of larning the capable affair. However, I think I have to larn more about going a good entertainer in forepart of a category. I have to besides larn more about supplying my pupils with some interesting assignments. From the pupils who became Caldwell ( 2008 ) participants of her study, I see that caring can intend many ideal things that instructors should hold, non merely caring every bit mentioned as Noddings ‘ ( 2005 ) perceptual experience. Caldwell ‘s list expands upon and specifies the many ways in which lovingness can and should happen. And I am non certain whether I can use all of those thoughts into my instruction and my course of study since I have my restrictions as a human. For illustration, if I have a batch work to make, or if I am non in a good wellness, I am afraid I might non utilize all of my attending to my pupils, it means that I might non truly listen to and understand my pupils, or others ‘ . However, I will seek to utilize the thought as my footing cognition to be a caring instructor. Meanwhile, I will seek to larn more deeply about this thought of lovingness, particularly how to care for our communities and our environment. Noddings ‘s thought about caring besides included her thought of caring non merely for human existences but for all of things in the universe such as caring for the universe community and the environment. If we do non care for our environment, we can destruct our ain Earth. Particularly if the people who have no or less attention for the Earth are educated and powerful people. They can do more amendss to our environment in the Earth. And this is the phenomena that Orr observed, so he made a statement that we do non necessitate many educated people if that can give more amendss to our environment. In response to Orr statement about instruction, I argue that the universe ‘s environmental devastation comes from the people who do non care for themselves, their household, their community and their Earth. I think people are being nescient with respect to themselves, others, their community, and the Earth since likely cipher reminds them or learn them to hold the consciousness of and care for others. Therefore, in this affair I believe that instruction is of import for people to larn how to care for others, every bit good as to care for themselves, to care to the Earth, and to the environment. The educational challenge is to larn how to care for the Earth and environment by developing ecological literacy. What I mean by ecological literacy is a manner to state that â€Å" † everything is connected. † A survey of these interconnectednesss highlights our dependance on the healthy operation of the Earth ‘s natural systems which give us clean air, H2O, dirt, nutrient, and all the other resources we depend on. † ( Toronto Outdoor Education Schools, hypertext transfer protocol: //toes.tdsb.on.ca/ecological_literacy_resources.asp ) . In understanding the ecological literacy construct, I have to understand that I am non entirely in the universe, I am a portion of the large system running in the universe which consist of human existences and their communities and the environment. Each of us has the duties to take attention to each other in order to keep the map of the earth natural systems can work good.Caring as the purpose of instructionSimilar to Noddings ‘s end of instruction, for me, the purpose of instruction should be based on caring to forestall the alumnuss from being ignorant of other people, of their communities, of their environment, and all of these signifiers of ignorance lead to being nescient of themselves, since all of us in the universe are interrelated. This purpose of instruction besides supported by Littky ( 2004 ) who says that, â€Å" the existent end of instruction is if the pupils attention for others and can acquire along better with others † . Noddings has the thought of cari ng in instruction since she experienced and was impressed by many lovingnesss that she got from her instructors. Furthermore, for me, instruction should ever associate to and be inspired by caring since instruction is for assisting people, assisting pupils to turn to be a lovingness human being. If the pupils become caring kids they will besides care for others and besides for themselves, for the communities and for the Earth ; they besides can ever larn to better themselves. By being a caring instructor I hope I can assist pupils larn more efficaciously. If I care for my pupils I have to set a batch of attempt in assisting them prosecute in their acquisition in order to assist them larn more deeply about all the capable affair that they study. Therefore, I have to concern myself with my capable affair and my pupils ‘ lives so that while I am learning, really I besides am larning, every bit good. The chief point of caring in instruction for me is demoing our love to others and the EarthHow I can demo my caring into my work?I argue that people who are involved in giving or supplying an ins truction, either in formal school, or in the household, or in some non degree plans, have to ever be cognizant of their functions and their influence on their pupil, or their kids, as cared-for instructors. Teachers have to larn about caring since â€Å" learning happens in relationships of lovingness, contemplation, and common regard † ( Hill, Stremmel, & A ; Hu, 2005, p. 33 ) . Besides, I think I have to remind my pupils that each of us in the universe is interrelated with each other. If we care for others, hopefully they can care for others, every bit good. My thought is if instructors, introduce their pupils to care for others, in the long tally, I hope caring instructors and caring pupils will care for the universe, and it is hopefully can take to a better universe. Therefore, if all of us care for people, the community and the environment, so we can, side by side, seek to set a batch of attempt to develop a lovingness category, a caring school, and a caring community to salvage the people and the universe. I think I can larn from SFU in larning about caring in instruction. Even though I have been at SFU for merely seven months, there are some great feelings that I have received from SFU. I found that my instructors or professors or teachers at SFU have the spirit of caring in the manner they plan and implement their course of study in their instruction acquisition activities. I found, for illustration, that the professors can develop a flexible course of study and learning larning procedure to run into our demands as their pupils. I think my professors at SFU put a batch of attempt to assist us larn and prosecute in our acquisition. I besides find that on the SFU web site, it shows that SFU as a community cares for the environment, civilization and diverseness. I think I learn how to care in learning from detecting my professors, and how they design and carry out their instructions ; each professor unambiguously helps us go actively engaged with the larning stuff. In making my instruction, I have to be cognizant of my pupils needs while I am developing the survey plan course of study, and course of study for my learning learning activities, including planning, and implementing my course of study, and so, giving rating to my pupils. Since my work as a instructor in my module of instruction by and large are developing a course of study for my tutorials, composing some acquisition printed and not printed stuffs, developing some point trials, and make some instructions, so I plan to develop a flexible course of study for my instructions, but, I have to do certain that I can make that, in my on-line tutorial, since in my office there is a stiff process refering those sort of affairs. At least, I can hold a flexible course of study in my face to face tutorials. I besides want to add some stuffs about ecological literacy and lovingness for the communities into my course of study and in learning learning activities. Environmental jobs have already bee n a serious job in my state, so I think I need to convey it up the issues to my pupil instructors, so that they can learn their pupils to care for the environment. I think I will demo my pupils the 11th hr movie and allow it be the subject for my category treatment. Therefore, my course of study should assist my pupils to develop their lovingness for themselves, their ain communities and their environment. In making my instruction, either in face to face or in on-line tutorial, I can make some actions as follow ( based on my apprehension of Cardwell, 2008 ) , I would propose that as a lovingness instructor for all of my pupils I have to be a student-oriented instructor, so I have to utilize some instruction schemes that can do my pupils get involved and engaged in their acquisition, I besides have to handle all pupils with regard ; hence, I have to be careful in utilizing some words that can demo my regard to my pupils. In add-on, as a caring instructor I besides have to believe in my pupils, to listen and to be a patient instructor and to seek many attempts to promote my pupils to larn more deeply about the capable affair and to larn for salvaging the environment In making either in a face to face or in on-line instruction, I besides have to be a work oriented instructor who bases my pupils ‘ classs on more than prep and trials, has a willingness to set the work load if needed, has a willingness to give excess clip to pupils in finishing assignments, has a willingness to alter the schoolroom regulations when necessary, and to accept more than one reply to a inquiry, acknowledging multiple positions. Therefore, I have to supply many treatment for the pupils to larn from each others. This can be done in face to face or in on-line acquisition as I experienced in making dialogue cardinal. Additionally, I have to larn to be a instructor who can prosecute pupils in their acquisition. I can make this by larning more about my capable affair and seeking to be an expert in the topic by fall ining some seminars or workshops or taking extra grade related with my topic. I besides have to assist my pupils to go independent scholars who can provides chances for schoolroom treatments. My experiences that I learn while I am analyzing in SFU, I hope can assist me in assisting pupils engaged in their acquisition and assist them to larn more independently. Furthermore, in making some face to face tutorials, and based on my experiences, as a lovingness instructor, I besides have to be an active instructor who is energetic, has a sense of wit, tells narratives and uses illustrations. Furthermore, I have to besides larn about supplying my pupils with some interesting assignments that can do them motivated to larn. In making my learning learning activities, either in face to face or in on-line acquisition, I will utilize duologue as my of import manner to assist my pupils prosecute in their acquisition and do my pupils larning more deeply. Dialogue here is a learning procedure for pupils and the coachs which happens when there is an interaction between pupils, the coachs, and other pupils to gestate some significances, and when they try to use their current apprehension by building new statements, and lucubrating current apprehension by contemplation ( Scott et al. , 2008 ) . I will utilize duologue as my chief instruction acquisition activities since by utilizing duologue I can larn and I can seek to hold a common apprehension with my pupils. Based on my experiences, my pupils instructors truly like to hold duologue with me as their instructor. This duologue hopefully can actuate them to larn.Decision and DeductionEducation for me is a manner to assist pupils to be caring for others, their com munities and their environment ; and, caring instruction hopefully can assist me and my pupils to populate good in our topographic points, and to hold moral bravery to fall in the battle to do the universe habitable and humane. However, there are some considerations as my deductions that I have to set in my head about the undermentioned issues. How can we develop caring in distance instruction at UT? I think I want to use this lovingness thought merely for my ain instruction, since if I want to inform to some of my friends about this thought of lovingness, I have to hold some treatment with my dean of my module about the consciousness of including caring in our instruction plans. Possibly I can join forces with my other co-workers in my module to make a seminar or workshop about the consciousness of caring to some of my other academic staff, and administrative staff, every bit good as my pupils. I hope, this manner can give them an apprehension of the significance of caring and how to care for others and I can acquire aid from the audiences about how to develop caring in schools. I besides have to believe about how to do my pupils learn about caring in making their instruction in their ain schoolrooms. I think caring is truly an of import affair for early childhood instructors since for their kids the instructors like their parents. However, I know that this thought will inquire more clip of instructors to assist their pupils Bing a caring instructor will besides means that I have to supply more clip to be with my pupils. More frequently, I have to pass sometimes after my office hours to run into, to speak to and to hold duologue with my pupils about their demands. I know that for some instructors supplying more clip more than the official office hours is non easy, particularly if they have their ain household. Therefore, I have to advert about this job in order to do my pupils cognizant of the effects of being caring instructors. Will pupils appreciate being cared for? As a pupil, I know that I will hold more motive to larn if my instructor, he/she shows his/her attending and empathy to me, and if he/she asks me, if she/he wants to hold duologue with me and wants to assist me to work out my jobs, particularly in my acquisition. Another illustration is from Noddings. Based on her experience of the lovingness she got from her instructors made Noddings got the thought of supplying caring in the schools ( Smith, 2004 ) . Furthermore, based on my experiences pupils will truly wish being cared for. What are some of the challenges in developing a lovingness attack to instruction at UT? Actually, I merely want to use my caring instruction for myself. However, I have to see some challenges that I might hold. First, the challenges from the decision makers such as my caput of my unit, or my dean of the module ; possibly, they will oppugn me since I will necessitate more clip to assist my pupils in demands, and since sometimes I will hold some pupils waiting for me in forepart of my room. I think I have to explicate to my decision makers about why I do what I believe as my lovingness in instruction. Second, the challenge that I might confront possibly come from my other lectors, and the other staff of other units in UT. Possibly they will experience that I am unusual and it might go on that they will inquire the ground of my action about lovingness in my instruction, if this happens I can explicate about my believe of my instruction, but, I am trusting that my other co-workers will h old more understanding to my doctrine of instruction. Therefore, I believe that most of my academic friends have the same lovingness for their pupils, every bit good. The challenge that I might hold possibly come from my friends who are in charge in some units related with pupils ‘ personal businesss, for illustration, my friends who work in the enrollment or in the scrutiny unit. In UT some pupils sometimes have jobs related with enrollment unit or scrutiny unit. Therefore, I will frequently travel to the units inquiring for aid. Last, the challenges that I will confront in using my thought of caring are coming from my pupils. Even though my pupils largely are early childhood instruction instructors, or primary instructors, but I have to remind my pupils to perpetrate in acquisition and in practising this caring thought in their ain schoolrooms since their function as carers is really of import to their pupils ; possibly, to assist my pupils more, I can supply a batch of illu strations to give pupils the constructs and illustrations of how to make caring in their schoolrooms. In decision, I can state that implementing caring in my occupation as a instructor can assist me to care for others, and I believe by caring for others, I can assist others to go better people and, every bit good, I will larn to be a better individual. In the long tally, I hope, my pupils and I can assist to keep and to better our community to salvage our environment. And I hope by caring we can assist ourselves and our pupils go what Orr ( 1990 ) has in head in WHAT EDUCATION MUST BE FOR, which is to do more conciliators, therapists, refinishers, narrators, and lovers of every form and signifier. Therefore, by holding attention in my manner of life, I hope I can reply Orr ‘s inquiry about what instruction is for.

International business project: A case of Mexico Essay

Mexico is the most populated Spanish speaking nation in the world and comes third in population in the Western hemisphere. Mexico holds more than 100 million inhabitants. In the early years of its history the government had embraced the protectionists policies of trade in order to motivate industrial growth and therefore ensure growth in the domestic economy. Unfortunately under these policies the country underwent a decline in living standards and inflation. The debt crisis in the year of 1982 that saw the country fail to meet its debt obligations primarily aggravated the challenges in the economy especially half way into the mid 1980’s (Pasco 72-73). The Mexican government therefore in the late years of 1980 adopted measures that were aimed at restructuring the country’s economy. The country’s efforts consequently shifted to trade liberalization and privatization of industries that were previously state owned. Privatization of infrastructures such as rail roads, natural gas distribution, telecommunications, electricity and the airports among others took place extensively. The country proceeded to make economic policy reforms in the early 1990’s consequently attracting large amounts of foreign investment cash. However in 1993 the flow of capital from foreign countries started to decline majorly as a result of political uncertainty and an exchange rate that was overvalued. The declined levels of international levels subsequently led to peso devaluation. By the last months of 1994 the country was experiencing a currency crisis forcing the government to take on the floating exchange rate system. The result was a deep recession of the economy six months later. The aftermath of the recession saw the government restructure the system again to create conditions that would hasten the recovery of the economy. An emergency package was received form the World Bank and a plan that increased value added tax, fostered budget cuts and even tighter monetary policies was implemented. Subsequent years saw the country increase its exports and softened the impact of the recession. The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2006 was 4. 8 percent but decreased to 3. 3 percent in the year 2007 and further down by approximately 1% in the year 2008. Mexico has not been left out and the country is significantly feeling the effects of the worldwide economic downturn. Economists forecast the contraction of its GDP this year by 2. 6 percent the sharpest ever contraction since the 95 crisis. The country is currently experiencing job losses, cut production capacities in plants and poverty levels have also short up with more than 5 million people living in impoverished conditions (Field 32-41). # Mexico’s trade position with Canada The trade relations between Canada and Mexico have strengthened because of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The trade flows between the two countries has shown an impressive gradual increase in the not less than nine years existence of the agreement. The results have now made Mexico, to become Canada’s major trading partner within the Latin America region. The country also ranks fourth as Canada’s trading partner in the globe after United States (US), China and Japan. For Canada, Mexico has become a very important destination and is positioned as Canada’s third biggest market for its exports. On the same note Canada in 2002 appeared on Mexico’s lists as the number five largest foreign supplier. The countries have continued over the years to strengthen their trade ties and now Canada is the first supplier of Mexican agricultural, mineral and metal products. On the other hand high production standards of Mexico have made it Canada’s top supplier in vehicles, agricultural goods and electronic equipment. Consumers in the two countries have taken advantage of the relations to access a wide range of affordable goods. On the other hand Mexico also has good trade relations with other countries such as the United States. America is basically the leading creditor and trade partner for most counties in the Latin region. The two countries are closely linked such that Mexico as a country is the most exposed to the U. S economy and any changes in it would largely affect the Mexicans. More so 80% of the Mexican exports find there way to America. Additionally the Mexican economy is greatly supported by the remittance from its working citizens who are in the United States, (Field 32-41). The remittances actually account for not less than 3 percent of its GDP and they form the second largest source of income to the nation after oil exports. The country has also taken advantage of its skilled labor force to attract high technology investors from the United States. The sectors in which America has invested in Mexico include the telecommunications, transport and agricultural industries to mention just a few. # Membership in trade blocks. Trade blocks play a very critical role especially when it comes to international trade negotiations. Mexico for example is a member of the G20 trade block which constitutes of other members such as Argentina, India, Brazil, Pakistan, China, South Africa. , Philippines, Bolivia, Thailand, Venezuela, Chile, Zimbabwe, Paraguay, among others. The G20 is developing countries grouping that resulted from the world trade talks in Cancun in the year 2003. The group is led by major exporters and countries that are rapidly growing such as India, China, Brazil, and South Africa making it strong and with the capacity to compete with the US and EU in trade negotiations. G20 has been noted for its emphatic rejection of the proposal by the EU to include competition and investment as critical elements in trade talks. The group has also been emphasizing that before they make any agreements on reduced tariffs for manufactured goods or services the rich nations must first put concessions on agriculture. Additionally Mexico together with the United States and Canada form the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Agreement addresses the issues of labor, environment, trade and investment. Even then the Agreement has been criticized by some US environmental groups and unions who claim that its safeguards are weak. It was consolidated in the year 1992. The aim of the agreement was to remove trade tariffs on products for a period of not less than 15 years and at the same time limit trade contacts with outsider countries in the globe. The agreement was also expected to increase and enlarge their farmers markets and stimulate economic growth. Recently there have been calls to renegotiate or suspend the Agreement after fourteen years in operations. Clearly though Mexico has benefited from its membership in the block, which is said to be the among the world’s richest blocs. It has for example acted to increase Mexico’s amounts of exports, and also increase the amount the country receives from the United States in terms of foreign direct investments (Pasco 72-73). The agreement has also led to an increase of job opportunities for Mexicans also accompanied with an increase in wages especially in the areas with most foreign investors. #4 Governments position on trade and foreign investment In the past few decades Mexico has transitioned from a closed economy to an open economy. The policy of open trade has enabled the country to face the challenges brought by the economic slow down and financial markets that are not stable. In early years of the 80’s the country took a step towards unilaterally liberalizing its economy. The country then took domestic measures with the aim of encouraging foreign investment and deregulating business activities. In the early 90’s the country embraced the country took the initiative of opening its markets by undertaking international trade negotiations with the principles of reciprocity and balance in mind. The country has currently signed various bilateral investment agreements and not less than nine international free trade. The result has been export oriented growth and industrial competitiveness. The policies have also led to preferential market access of their exports to more than 800 million consumers that benefit from their exports and have additionally opened up new investment opportunities. Generally the Mexican strategy of free trade agreements has been critical in improving its competitiveness on a global scale, increased trade and long term growth. Its current network of trade agreements can be said to be the major cause of the impressive trade flows in the country. Mexico appears among the ten largest trading countries in the world. In 2003 for example the country had exports costing not less than $165 million. Basically its quantity of exports has tripled since 1993. Mexico has also been transformed to become a manufacturing export center courtesy of trade liberalization. Currently most of the country’s exports are largely manufactured goods a change from the early 80’s when the greater percentage of exports was oil. Their young productive labor together with the measures of investment protections and tariff elimination are among the factors that have encouraged foreign investments making it a manufacturing hub. Their auto, electronics and textile and apparel industries have industries have been the most beneficiaries of trade liberalization (Pasco 72-73). . # Reasons why Canadian companies should trade/invest there and reasons why they should not. Mexico comes across as a very viable country for Canada to invest in. Among the reasons are its strategic position, economic indicators, policies that aim at encouraging foreign investors and a conducive environment for investment among many others. The country is made up of 32 federal States of which each is free and sovereign and its territory extends to not less than one million square kilometers. The country borders Guatemala, Belize and the United States. The country additionally hosts more than one hundred million inhabitants of all religious affiliations meaning that all beliefs are represented without bias though the majority of the population is Christian. Spanish is the official language of Mexico although it has more than 66 kinds of languages. The country currency is called Peso. The country’s place of location allows it to supply the markets in North America and also to have access to potential world inputs and modern technologies. The Jalisco, Quintana Roo, Colimo are among the federative entities whose populations greatly participate in economic enhancement. Its population consists of not less than 1 million unemployed citizens. The country is endowed with an attractive investment environment even as demonstrated by the following statistics: in 2007 the country was ranked as the 12th largest economy in the world by the virtue of its GDP; with regards to its oil reserves it appears as number 17 globally; additionally the country is a very important tourist destination ranking eight globally in this regard. Moreover the country is among the top ten countries in the world that benefit most from foreign direct investment. Additionally their fiscal and monetary policies have served to ensure that the country enjoys periods of macroeconomic stability with reference to the recent years. In fact it was named the best Latin American country in terms of favourable business conditions and placement of foreigners’ capitals. The stable economy that it has enjoyed has led to it accommodating not less 30,000 foreign companies. The economic stability therefore makes it a good destination for conducting profitable business. In order to attract more investment the country has a consolidation of several sectors of production which include of industries such as the automobiles industry which was ranked 7th globally, electronic industry, telecommunications industry, the information technology and software industry. These sectors provide different kinds of opportunities for Canadian investors. The country additionally has good relationships business wise with other countries in the global scenario. This has allowed it to have preferential access to the markets in Israel, North America, and the European Union just to mention a few. The preferential access it enjoys combined with its cheap yet young and qualified labor force make the country a lucrative destination for investment by Canadians. The Bilateral Investment Treaties that the country has signed should be an attraction enough for Canadian investors. Through these treaties the country offers legal protection and security to it foreign investors. Moreover the country offers a low risk return combination that guarantees the investors markets access prevailing conditions of macroeconomic stability, transparency and political stability. Additionally investors have the opportunity of benefiting from the high quality inputs offered at affordable prices, growing domestic markets, and wide array of trade agreements. In spite of this Canada may not need to invest in Mexico because of the fact that Mexico is among the top countries with high levels of corruption in the region. Any country with high levels of corruption is should be scary to investors because it simply implies that investors will have to spend more than is necessary in order to get value for their money. The effects of corruption in fact go way past the monetary costs. The country also suffers from poor infrastructural networks although the government is taking steps to ensure that infrastructure is improved to allow investors to have access to any market and on time. The country is also consumed by the culture of drug abuse among its especially productive population. This means that in a way the investor security can not be guaranteed. The country also has strict legal and regulatory frameworks that may serve to impede the speed by which an investor can establish his business. The effects of agglomeration also may work to hinder any Canadians that would want to invest in Mexico. In conclusion Mexico would be a wise choice for any investor, this is because the country has done everything to ensure that its business people will not only be able to access the internal but also the external markets especially through the many trade agreements it has signed. This means that all the established businesses in the country have the potential to operate profitably.

Break Dancing

Being a disc jockey or better knows as a D], dance is apart of my Job. Seeing all types of dance to all types of music every day of my life. I have probably seen It all, thats why It Is hard for me to talk so passionately about one single dance clip when I have seen so much, until I saw this http://www. Youth. Com/watch? V=7KZgCJDQQPM. This video contains the dancing of one of the best b-borers also knows as break-dancers in the entire world. He is voted number one in Korea for break dancing.Break Nanning Is a combination of a D], hip-hop, beat boxing, and of course dancing. It Is a six step performance leading Into a power move then finally a freeze, a moment when the dancer completely stops moving holding a difficult position. It started in New-York and grew up mainly around hip-hop. Break dancing spread quickly to Korea and Japan in the eighties but became popular in the early nineties. The reason this specific video of break dancing stands out so much Is because of the music he Is dancing to and because it keeps his cultural background while bringing in new and citing feeling to the dance.Music drives us all, weather it be through our day, through hard times, or good times. The incorporation of Johann Bachelors, Canon in D, the extremely popular classical song, with a Korean folk song sends a chill down my spine. The most significant moment to me in the video is at one minute and forty eight seconds when the music calms down and the beat boxing stops, all you hear is the traditional Korean instruments in the background and see a freeze by the dancer that looks nearly Impossible.The dancer Is balancing his entire body on his hand sideways for the ;freeze portion of the six step dance. Since this Is a type of dancing created in the streets by people on the streets, the dancer has just that look. He is wearing what looks to be older sneakers, baggy pants, and a black tank top. Even though the video Is professional the choreographer made sure it did not lose the originality of the dance. The room Is dark, with one light shining down In the middle and what looks to be two T. V screens in the back with musicians playing the music he s starting to dance to.As the video camera moves throughout the room you see different television screens hanging from the roof each with a different shot of the disc Jockey and the beat boxer In the clip. When the moment that stood out most to me comes around we see he does his freeze with the same television screens that we saw in the beginning of the video with the instruments in the back except this time he is holding a difficult pose. The lighting still dim with one light down the middle where the dancer takes his place to show his Intense skills.We see the dancer evolve more and more while his surrounding still remaining the same. The second more interesting moment in the video was from thirty three seconds to forty-two seconds. In the television screen we see the Dc scratching his disks while in the distant screen on the roof we see the beat boxer In his red Jersey while In the middle of it all the professional break dancer Is dancing on his hands upside-down. Then he Is 1 OFF where the light is not passing his boundaries, flowing from one dance move to the next making it look effortless.He does not stop his arms and legs except for the power moves, his body bending to its full potential, and breaking the rules of gravity. The feeling I was getting while watching the dancer was something else. We see dancers putting in all their efforts when in a competition of some sort. This dancer was different the energy put into the dance looks like it is in front of thousands of people, when in reality he is alone in the room, it throws off the viewer in a sense that they automatically realize there is something different about this video.The entire died was recurring in a sense as in the way the video flowed, but when it came down to it the dance moves they stood out because they were all different. The beat boxer was doing exactly the same thing every time he appeared, the DC was constantly doing the same thing scratching the disks when he came up on the television screens in the background. That is what made the dancer stick out more and more, his clothes were exactly the same the entire video. It is obvious the choreographer wants to emphasize the dance moves to the viewer and of course the music that goes hand n hand with every move he does.In conclusion we see the cultural bac kground of this video mixed with modern day styles of clothing, dance, and music. It releases a euphoric feeling throughout my body seeing the dance while hearing the classical song Canon in D played with instruments of the cultural background of the dancer. The choreographer wanted to make sure the audience really saw the dance for what it was by not getting fancy with additional buffs, yet did not threaten the creativity of the video.

The Impact of Offshoring on the UK Service Sector Essay

The Impact of Offshoring on the UK Service Sector - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that offshoring the labor force is an attractive way for a firm to reduce costs through the dislocation of their service sector to countries where the cost of labor is less than the home country. Great Britain has seen a substantial increase in jobs that have been relocated in India, the Philippines, and other Asian countries. India plans to have 1 million workers in the business skills sector by the end of 2007. These jobs have in large part come from the financial service sector and the call center business has been particularly impacted. Consider that a call center representative in the UK can earn an average of  £20,000 per year, while the employee in India may earn 10% of that amount. When administration costs are added, the current savings on labor is less than 50%, and that number is expected to shrink as offshore salaries rise. With these short-term financial savings come the problems of employee morale, security concerns about co nsumer personal data, loss of customer loyalty, and reduced product quality. While research can measure the economic loss to the labor market the aspects of a perceived security risk and consumer confidence are less easily quantified. Determining the savings required to offset the indirect costs of the issues of consumer perception of quality and security has been an elusive parameter as the phenomenon of offshoring is relatively new and little research has been done to guide the firm that wishes to take advantage of a lower pay scale in a foreign country. The problem becomes attempting to determine the value or cost of productivity, customer goodwill, and risk involved with offshoring. While the financial savings look attractive, further inspection could reveal hidden costs that should be taken into account when making a decision to offshore. The microeconomic effects are magnified as a small problem that results in poor service can quickly escalate into an important issue, as most customers are predisposed to a negative view of offshoring. Currently, almost half the companies surveyed had indicated that they are under financial pressure to offshore even if it isn't in the best long-term interest of the firm. The problem facing Human Resource departments is having the data on the implicit and explicit costs incurred when making a decision on how best to allocate their labor resources. Without a clear picture of the adverse effects that a company may incur when offshoring jobs, the firm may face a situation in which a decision is made that has a long-lasting negative effect on the firm. The company may lose skilled workers, damage employee morale, and risk tarnishing their image in the minds of the public. The real economic cost of job loss and its effect on the GDP have been estimated by some recent studies. However, one of the biggest challenges facing Human Resource departments is the task of evaluating the indirect and abstract costs associated with offsho ring.

HRD at Indiana State University Personal Statement

HRD at Indiana State University - Personal Statement Example In ten years, I aspire to become a professional consultant in safety management and by extension, human resource development. The knowledge gained in Human Resource Development will provide me with the requisite skills to motivate employees towards the attainment of respective organisational goals. In the long run, the degree will supplement my skills in safety management as it will enable me understand the psychology of employees and how to make organisations safe for every stakeholder. I chose Indiana State University because it provides an environment that I am accustomed to hence propagate smooth continuation of learning. Furthermore, with Indiana State University providing opportunities for public and community service and developing leaders in its students, I look forward to gaining interpersonal and critical leadership skills to benefit the organisation that I will manage and my consultancy enterprise. Other than the institution’s accreditation by the Higher Learning Commission, its affiliation to the Society of Human Resource Management provides me with numerous networking and career development

Land Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Land Law - Coursework Example The Court of Appeal provided that the four essential characteristics of an easement must exist. First there is required to be a dominant and servient tenement in which a benefit (to the dominant tenement) and burden (to the servient tenement) are each defined. Secondly, the easement must be capable of benefiting the dominant tenement. Thirdly, the dominant and servient tenement must own and occupy different pieces of land. Fourthly, the easement must be one that is capable of being created. In other words, the person creating the easement must have the authority to do so and the recipient must have the right to accept it. The easement must be unambiguous and the servient tenement may not be denied excessive rights.2 An evaluation of the facts of the case demonstrate that there are benefits and burdens, in which the dominant tenement acquires a benefit and the servient tenement is not denied too many rights. For example, Margaret permitted Arthur to park his caravan in her garden with the understanding that she could sit a satellite dish on his roof. Since this was placed in the Conveyance of registered title, it is a legal easement. Section 1(2) of the Law of Property Act 1925 essentially provides that a legal easement arises once it is conveyed.3 Likewise the easement permitting James to temporarily store material in Margaret’s garden is also a legal easement since it is conveyed via the conveyance. Moreover, by placing these easements in the conveyance, the requirements contained in Section 52 of the Law of Property Act 1925 which mandate that a legal estate in land may only be created by deed.4 Moreover, as registered land, the easements will not be legal unless they are registered.5 In other words only those easements expressly created in the conveyance of registered land will be binding on the dominant and servient tenements. Therefore the oral agreement that Arthur may hang a sign advertising his business on Margaret’s wall is not binding on Margaret and successive owners. To this end, Barry as a successive owner of Margaret’s property is at liberty to have the sign removed. Wheeldon v Borrows however, indicates that Barry might be bound by the oral easement which creates an equitable right. In this case Thesiger LJ delineates the circumstances in which a right created by an easement that was not express, can be acquired by a successive owner over the land. According to Thesiger LJ, successive owners acquires all of the obvious and continuous easement or any easement that is essential for ensuring that the property is reasonably enjoyed provided that easement was used by the vendor just before the property was sold. However, the second rule expressed by Thesiger LJ in Wheeldon v Burrows suggests that Barry may not be bound by the oral easement. By virtue of the second rule, where the vendor sells adjourning land and fails to give expression to an implied or imperfect easement, he may not claim it at a later date .6 It therefore follows that since Margaret failed to expressly provide for the right to hang a sign on her wall, she was not bound by this easement and as such cannot pass the easement on to successive owners of the land. It would appear that each of the easements that were

Implementing The Learning Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Implementing The Learning Organization - Essay Example One of the key components of a Learning Organization is a commitment to lifelong learning (Stinson, Pearson, & Lucas, 2006, p. 309). The rapid pace of change in technology, medicine, and education demands that a successful organization places a value on learning and makes adequate time for it to take place. Placing learning at the forefront of an organization's priorities characterizes it as a Learning Organization. At Booz Allen, a strategy consulting firm, they have a program called Discover Booz Allen. Senior executives have informal chats with junior colleagues on management techniques and insights into career success throughout a yearlong immersion process (Holistic approach to learning, 2006, p. 28). According to Stinson et al. (2006) to facilitate this type of learning, "[...] learning time must be protected" (p. 311). This commitment to learning creates an atmosphere for the successful Learning Organization to cultivate the key disciplines that are at the heart of the philoso phy. The Learning Organization revolves around the principles of not just what we learn, but how we learn. To motivate people to learn in this new environment, the needs of the organization need to be kept central to the process. A common shared vision among all members is the ability to envision a mutual goal which provides the framework, force, and energy for all learning to take place (Kezar, 2005, p.12). This vision is not a strategic plan or management mission statement. It is a vision that is created by the mutual understanding of all the members of the group, and contributes to the picture of the future of the organization (Giesecke & McNeil, 2004, p. 58). In this way each individual member of the group will be able to incorporate the vision into their daily activities. When there is a common view of the future and a mutual understanding of the purpose of the organization, learning can begin to take place. Though learning takes place at the individual level, it is team learning that is most effective. According to Senge (1990), 'Team learning is vital because teams, not individuals, are the fundamental learning unit in modern organizations. . . unless teams can learn, the organization cannot learn" (as cited in Stinson et al., 2006, p. 311). In the team environment, individuals must put aside assumptions and previously held notions and be open to new ideas as more creativity can come from a team than can be generated by the individuals (Giesecke & McNeil, 2004, p. 58). Within the structure of the team, each member must be open to self-examination and begin the process of critically evaluating what they believe to be true. Through the discipline of mental models, the individual turns inward and begins as Stinson et al. (2006) states, "learning to unearth our internal pictures of the world, to bring them to the surface and hold them up rigorously to scrutiny" (p. 310). This is an ongoing process that that is a part of lifelong learning. It is the understanding of our own vision and views, yet takes into account that others may have alternative views that are valid, valuable, and can contribute to the shared vision (Kezar, 2005, p. 19). Only when the limitations and barriers to learning are broken can true

The Status of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Status of Women - Essay Example Denied higher level schooling, and schooling in general in some cases, prevented from obtaining any legal rights or owning property as a separate entity from their father or husband and with a majority of her household work unconsidered in terms of the physical work she could accomplish, women had little opportunity to do anything other than be a wife and a mother. Against this backdrop, women who found themselves in non-traditional situations - the widow, the businesswoman, the intellectual - continuously struggled to find a better balance between men and women that allowed women some of the freedoms afforded to men, while women who fell within the societal norms also found themselves being forced into a more dominant role. Roles began shifting slowly as women grew into and then out of the ideology of the True Woman into that of a New Woman in personal and public spheres. As they moved from the rural setting to the industrialized city setting, women in America saw tremendous changes in the way they were expected to live their lives - from lives of working alongside the men in the fields they moved to working exclusively within the home, finally setting the stage by the end of the nineteenth century for the advances of the women's movements that would dominate the early part of the twentieth century. Colonial America saw la... "During the early history of the United States, a man virtually owned his wife and children as he did his material possessions. If a poor man chose to send his children to the poorhouse, the mother was legally defenseless to object" (Comptons, 1995). "Before the middle of the nineteenth century, the property rights of American married women followed the dictates of common law, under which everything a woman owned became her husband's property upon her marriage" ("Married Women's Property Acts", n.d.). However, there were some women who lived in colonial America who "worked in professions and jobs available mostly to men. There were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers and singers" (Comptons 1995). This was because "prior to the 1800s, there were almost no medical schools, and virtually any enterprising person could practice medicine. Indeed, obstetrics was the domain of women" (Comptons 1995). Even this changed, though, by the beginning of the nineteenth century when women were again relegated to the acceptable positions of writing and teaching only as the educational requirements for these professions were increased and women, fulfilling their obligatory role of wife and mother at an early age, were unable to complete the necessary training. These restrictions on what a woman could do or own were partly due to the fact that most women were not considered intelligent enough to consider all the consequences involved in managing business or political situations. Most could not prove otherwise as they did not have the access to formal schooling that would have provided them with these skills. "In colonial times, formal learning had a low priority. Girls' education typically took place at home, where

The Bloom Box Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Bloom Box - Essay Example The technology bears a tremendous potential to offer abundant and cleaner electricity. I firmly hold that much work is needed to push the Bloom Box energy production process towards ‘greener’ energy. Bloom Box already attracts some of the biggest companies in the world as it first and primary customers. The technology also enjoys approval by a renowned venture capitalist (Springer 1). I believe that the technology is good enough to attract more venture capitalist to fund its expansion and increase its production capacity when need arises. Its initial customers have the financial might to buy its Bloom boxes. The sales revenue is significant to push research towards cost-efficient production. Based on these facts, the future of the company is bright. It can attract partners to strengthen its financial position and fund the development process. This is imperative in its efforts to reach the mainstream energy

Fiscal Policy Essay Example for Free

Fiscal Policy Essay The United States’ economy has gone through many different stages from deficits and surpluses to a large debt. These can affect people in many ways. This paper will cover the United States’ deficit, surplus, and debt and how it affects taxpayers, future Social Security and Medicare users, unemployed individuals, University of Phoenix students, the United States’ financial reputation on an international level, a domestic automotive manufacturing exporter, an Italian clothing company importer, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Tax Payers The United States’ deficit, surplus, and debt effect taxpayers greatly. The deficit affects taxpayers because when the country is running a deficit, it means that the supply of money is low. The taxpayers are then called upon to lessen the low supply of money that the government uses to run. A surplus affects taxpayers because even though the country may be running a surplus and taxes decrease, they are still there. The citizens of the country will still be required to pay taxes even if there is a surplus. The country’s debt affects taxpayers the most because it is the tax revenue that is used to pay off the debt that the country has gotten itself into. Future Social Security and Medicare Users The future Social Security and Medicare users will be impacted by the United States’ deficit, surplus, and debt. The United States’ surplus can be beneficial for the future of Social Security and Medicare because it provides additional funds into the funds that are already available. However, this is not the same with the deficit and the debt. As the deficit and the debt increases, more funds are borrowed from these trust funds, which are eliminating any surplus. Before long, funds for Social Security and Medicare will be exhausted, and the programs will no longer be able provide help to the disabled and elderly. Unemployed Individuals The United States deficit, surplus, and debt do have effects on the unemployed. During a deficit, the employees can find themselves unemployed and trying to find another job but with the government budget having to make cuts the unemployed employees are having issues with finding new jobs. Even the surplus budget can cause changes with the workforce. The problem is that with the government having a surplus of resources, it can cause the employee to overspend and things can change very quickly to where the government is back to a deficit, which in return causes employees to lose their jobs. University of Phoenix Student The United States deficit, surplus, and debt have an impact on the University of Phoenix students as well. Many of the students at the University of Phoenix depend on financial aid from the government to help pay for their schooling expenses. When the budget is lowered some of the students that attend the University of Phoenix will not be able to pay for classes on their own and will be forced to drop out of school. On the other hand if the United States had a surplus the government would be able to raise the budget for education and put more money towards schooling. The United States Financial Reputation on an International Level The United States financial reputation on an international level is becoming an issue that has been debated repeatedly; it sometimes becomes a fundamental and comprehensive issue that hinders the acknowledged strength of the U.S. as a â€Å"power-house† on an international level. The United States financial reputation on an international level is giv en its proper respect, the major problem that is seen in the stock market and the Nasdex are the budget deficit and the U.S. debt, which limits the resources to spend on production and investments. A domestic automotive manufacturing (exporter) The United States national debt could also affect exporters. When the United States deficit is high and the government owes money, interest rates are raised. The increased interest rates have an effect on domestic automotive manufacturing companies. Domestic automotive manufacturing companies would have to let go some of their employees or outsource to another country that has a competitive lead in labor and production costs, due to the company’s loss of income. However, when the government is operating under a surplus interest rates are lowered. Making it affordable for domestic automotive manufacturing companies to produce more and grow their company, which supports spending increasing the number of jobs and the export of goods. Italian Clothing Company The deficit, surplus, and debt of the United States affects an Italian Clothing Company because; when it comes down to the United States deficit, it would cause the market to be over-run by foreign products. The rate in which a country is exporting is not at the level with it’s’ exports, a surplus would lead to more importation by the Italian Clothing Company and debt, it would cause the imports to be reduced (because many business partner would be hesitant to do business with the importer. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a better way for the government to measure how the nation handles deficit. It also provides input on the nation’s capability of paying off debt. The GDP helps determine what size deficit and how much debt the nation can manage. If there is a surplus within the funds of the GDP it is removed from the national debt. If there is a deficit, it is added to the national debt. The debt can be reduced through inflation and real growth as the GDP grows. This can still leave large nominal budget deficits with small real deficits. With real growth, the nation can handle more debt so more debt can be incurred. This occurs when the nation becomes financially enriched. The economy of the country has a great effect on many aspects of the lives of its citizens. The U.S.’s deficit, surplus and debt greatly impact each aspect of our everyday lives. It’s something that we have to deal with together as a whole because everyone deals with the effec ts of it.

Turner Syndrome Hormone

Turner Syndrome Hormone TURNER SYNDROME Turner syndrome was discovered by Dr. Henry Turner, an endocrinologist in 1938, when he noticed a set of common physical features in some of his female patients. Turner was born on August 28, 1892 in Harrisburg, Illinois and died on August 4, 1970 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. An endocrinologist diagnoses diseases that affect your glands. Endocrinologists are trained to diagnose and treat hormone problems by helping to balance of hormones in your system. It wasnt until 1960 that a chromosomal abnormality was discovered. Turner syndrome is a rare genetic chromosomal disorder that affects approximately one out of 2,500 3,000 females in every birth. Females inherit one â€Å"X chromosome from their mother and one â€Å"X† chromosome from their father. If one â€Å"X† chromosome is missing from the cell, that is Turner syndrome. â€Å"Turner syndrome is present at conception or following the first cell division, and it remains throughout life.† Some scientists say it â€Å"may be a result from an error during the division (meiosis) of a parents sex cell. Turner syndrome can be diagnosed by a simple blood test called karyotype either during pregnancy or after birth. â€Å"A karyotype test that shows that you have Turner syndrome reveals 45 chromosomes (only one X chromosome), instead of the normal 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes (XX) that are found in females.† Here are a few if the physical features of Turner syndrome: Short stature; one of the missing genes in the â€Å"X† chromosome is the SHOX gene. This gene is responsible for the long bone growth development; â€Å"more than 95% of adult women with Turner syndrome exhibit short stature†. Without it, your bones dont grow the way they should; average adult height with Turner syndrome is 4 feet 7 inches. â€Å"Scoliosis affects the spine and occurs in 10% of young girls with Turner syndrome and may contribute to their short stature.† Scoliosis can be diagnosed by a Pediatrician. This also includes short fingers and short toes; wrist and elbow joints turn out away from the body. Hands and feet can look puffy or swollen at birth. The nails on the fingers are soft and turn upward at the ends when a girl with Turner syndrome gets older. Webbed neck; in some cases you will see extra skin on the side of the neck. It looks like â€Å"wings†. This is where the neck and the collar bone connect and can be corrected with surgery. Abnormal kidney, a normal kidney is shaped like a bean and someone who has Turner syndrome, their kidney is shaped like a horseshoe. Also, you should have two kidneys and someone with Turner syndrome, usually only has one kidney. Having only one kidney and the fact that it doesnt function the way it is suppose to, can also cause diabetes, which can be deadly if you dont treat it with medication, good eating habits and lots of exercise. Lack of sexual development at puberty; females with Turner syndrome have little to no sexual development; their ovaries, breasts, the uterus never fully develops and there is no menstruation cycle, which means that they cant reproduce. The most deadly of the physical features is the heart defects, because it is the most common cause of death in adults with Turner syndrome. The major heart vessels are much smaller than normal heart vessels. â€Å"The major blood vessels from the heart have two vessels rather than three vessels that regulate the blood flow.† This can be corrected with surgery. Other disorders include high blood pressure, obesity, cataracts, thyroid problems, and arthritis. Girls with Turner syndrome usually have normal intelligence, but some may have learning difficulties in math. Many also have a problem with requiring map reading or visual organization, but are able to write well and learn well. People with Turner syndrome go to regular schools and take regular classes. Hearing problems are also more common in girls with Turner syndrome. Red and green color blindness also occurs in girls with Turner syndrome. There is treatment for Turner syndrome. Some females have been treated with hormone replacement therapy that increases their height and helps the development of the breasts. Some females also take the male hormone so their hair and muscle growth can be almost normal. Not everyone who takes the growth hormone, androgen have much change in their growth. The female hormone is called estrogen, which also help their sexual development. Estrogen therapy is usually started at age 12 or 13 to help stimulate the growth of sexual development. Having Turner syndrome can also lower a young girls self-esteem. There are a lot of ways to help someone feel better about there self. For example to try on different clothing styles until she finds what makes her feel happy or fits her personality. This can help build a positive body image and self-esteem. Or maybe participate in activities where height doesnt matter, like skating, diving, horseback riding, babysitting, or volunteer work. They should stay active in sports and hobbies they enjoy. Turner syndrome can not be inherited from parent to child because most women with Turner syndrome are usually sterile. They dont have fully developed reproductive organs. There is no cure for Turner syndrome. People with Turner syndrome are all different. Some may have many physical differences and symptoms. Others may only have a few medical problems that are treatable. There is no known proof that this disorder affects more frequently in whites, blacks, Hispanics or any other ethnic group. Most people with Turner syndrome can live healthy and normal lives if they get good medical care. There is a foundation called The MAGIC Foundation for Childrens Growth. This is a group of parents with children who have a variety of growth disorders including Turner Syndrome. The foundation is here to help you understand and deal with the special issues all of the children face, whether it is a learning challenge due to Turner Syndrome or a physical challenge because they are short children. References: Clinical Features of Turner Syndrome http://turner.nichd.nih.gov Turner Syndrome Chart http://www.kidsgrowth.com Learn.Genetics Genetic Science Learning Center http://learngenetics.utah.edu Teens Health http://kidshealth.org/teen;diseases_conditions/genetic/turner.html â€Å"Family Medical Guide†, 4th Edition; American Medical Association, published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Charles Marius Barbeau’s Ethnography and the Canadian Folklore Essay

Charles Marius Barbeau’s Ethnography and the Canadian Folklore Born on 5 March 1883, in Sainte-Marie-de-Bauce, Charles Marius Barbeau is widely seen as the first Canadian educated anthropologist. He graduated from Università © Laval in Quà ©bec, from his studies of law, in 1907; he never practised law. Upon graduating, Marius was awarded – as the first French-Canadian recipient – the Cecil Rhodes scholarship which allowed him to study at Oxford University where he was introduced to the emerging field of Anthropology.  « Je [voulais] savoir comment l’homme a à ©tà © crà ©Ãƒ ©  » he later explained to Marcel Rioux. (Benoà ®t 1959a) During his stay in Europe, Marius also attended classes at the Sorbonne’s École des Hautes Études and at the École d’anthropologie in Paris. In June 1910, he received a Bachelor of Science degree, from Oxford, for his thesis on The Totemic System of the Northwestern Indian Tribes of North America. Back in Canada, he took the position of Assistant Ethnologist for E dward Sapir at the Anthropological division of the Geological Survey of Canada at the Victoria Memorial Museum in Ottawa (one of the ancestors of today’s – since 1986 – Canadian Museum of Civilization). Then Marius began his life long career of collecting ethnographic and folkloric data on the cultures of aboriginal North-Americans and French creoles of Canada†¦ Theoretical Bases  « Pour Barbeau, les manifestations du folklore sont un peu comme des petits fruits sauvages. Le folkloriste est un cueilleur. [†¦] Si l’on ne cueille pas les fruits sauvages, eh bien ils se perdront pour toujours. [†¦] Un jour, la forà ªt aura envahi le terrain et tout effacà ©. Le modeste champ ne sera plus là  . Il sera oublià ©.  » (Gauthier 2001: 38) Marius Barbeau’s theoretical ... ...stion and the politics of recognition.† Ethnic & Racial Studies. April 1995, 18(2): 277–314. Accessed November 2004 on EBSCO http://0-web29.epnet.com.mercury.concordia.ca/. Accession number: 9506073480; Database: Academic Search Premier SMITH, Derek G. 2001. â€Å"The Barbeau archives at the Canadian Museum of Civilization: some current research problems† Anthropologica 43(2): 191. Accessed November 2004 on ProQuest http://proquest.umi.com/. ProQuest document ID: 357968991 SUZUKI, David 2001. â€Å"A Personal Foreword: The Value of Native Ecologies† in Peter KNUDTSON and David SUZUKI. Wisdom Of The Elders. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 2001 [1992]: XXI–XXXV TURGEON, Laurier; Denys DELÂGE and Rà ©al OUELLET 1995. â€Å"Marius Barbeau et l’ethnologie des Amà ©rindiens† Canadian Folklore Canadien 17(1). Accessed November 2004 http://www.fl.ulaval.ca/celat/acef/171f.htm

An Analysis of HBOs Sex and the City :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

HBO's Sex and the City has become a cultural icon in its 6 seasons of running. Based on Candace Bushnell's racy book Sex and the City, the show exhibits an unprecedented example of the sexual prowess of women over the age of 35. The result is an immense viewing audience and an evolving view on the "old maid" stigma that a woman's chances of finding love are significantly reduced after thirty-five. In this paper, we will closely analyze the characters and themes of Sex and the City to explain the significance of what the show represents in American culture. Sex and the City is a show centered around four beautiful, successful women in their mid-to-late thirties. Although the show focuses on the "love lives" of the four women, the title has been dubbed "Sex and the City," and not "Love and the City." The question is, why? Well, it could be simply that sex does sell. Perhaps Candace Bushnell christened her book Sex and the City because it would attract more readers. However, while this may be a small, superficial factor in the reasoning behind the title, the content of the show suggests a deeper purpose behind the focus on sex. For the most part, the relationship between love and sex is dichotomized throughout the show. Although the characters end up married or in a monogamous relationship at the end of the series, the majority of the show is concentrated on the women's brief sexual encounters and the glorification of their trysts. Only once in awhile do the topics of love and sex come up simultaneously in the characters' post-sex brunch conversations. The show presents beautiful, successful women having sex and talking about sex like men. Meaning, their promiscuity is excused and their sexual vulgarity is quite often the comic relief in the show. This deflates somewhat the double standard that men can sleep around, but if women do, they are "dirty." Although each character has a different view on sex, they all share the mindset that casual sex is acceptable. The show never breaches this mindset, creating a world where promiscuity and sexually aggressive women are common, and sexy. Samantha Jones, played by Kim Cattrall, is a sexually dominant character who is afraid of commitment. The episode entitled "The Good Fight" ("The Good Fight" 1) features Samantha explaining to her friends that her current lover is just a "sex thing" and that her emotions are intact.

Comparing Obsession in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Aldous Huxley’s

Comparing Obsession in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Aldous Huxley’s After Many A Summer Dies the Swan Authors leave fingerprints on the works they write. Underneath the story, hidden amidst the words, lies a worldview, a concept of humanity, a message. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is an entertaining story meant to give the reader goose bumps late at night, but the telling of the story also reveals Shelley’s concept about the basic fabric of human nature. In the same way Aldous Huxley in After Many A Summer Dies the Swan weaves a tale that is part story and part commentary on how humans interact and think and self- destruct. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley portrays obsession as an anomalous aspect of human behavior resulting when people move away from their basically good nature, while Aldous Huxley portrays obsession as the most intrinsic of all human qualities. This paper will contrast the basic views presented in each book about the origin of obsession and its relation to human nature, giving examples of how the authors’ views are embodied in their characters. In the novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley presents a view of human nature that is largely positive so long as it does not wander into the dangerous realm of obsession. She speaks of human endeavors and discoveries as being valuable and good. The young Victor is enchanted by scientists who have â€Å"performed miracles† by â€Å"penetrating the recesses of nature† (45). The discovery and contemplation of the natural world is a means by which characters find serenity and calm, and thus come in tune with the beauty of their humanity. In the midst of the sublime wilderness, even Victor contemplates â€Å"divine ideals of liberty and self-sacrifice† (1... ...nts human nature as basically good aside from the selfish obsession perpetuated by withdrawal from normal society and human behavior. Huxley offers a bleaker view, portraying self- obsession as an innate quality ensnaring all of his characters unless they are freed to transcend their humanity and seek another level of consciousness. If Shelley and Huxley were here today, debating the merits of their stance, Shelley may might utter the words of Pete Boone, â€Å"I suppose I’ve been too optimistic.† And Huxley, adjusting his thick glasses, might reply as Propter did, â€Å"Too optimistic in certain directions, and at the same time too pessimistic in others† (188). Works Cited Huxley, Aldous. After Many a Summer Dies the Swan. Mattituck, New York: American Reprint Company, 1976. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Barnes and Noble Classics. 2003.

Confrontation

Cindy Xin Wang MBA 5500 Managing Confrontation Writing Assignment 1 Mar. 25th, 2010 Confrontation: Based on My Personal Experience Confrontation is never a pleasant process for both the one who conducts the action and the one who is confronted with. According to the textbook, crucial confrontation is defined as face-to-face accountability discussions with the aim to address and close the gap between expectations and actual performances. The gap is usually violated expectations, broken promises, or poor performances. Confrontation is not a simple discussion but deals with an urgent high-steak issue. The differences between what was promised or expected and what actually happened are very common in real life. Most of the time, however, people try to avoid confronting others even though they want to hold someone accountable. They believe the action is either unnecessary or unaffordable. After the first lectures in this class, I began to realize that some confrontations do not necessarily to be unpleasant. Some confrontations could be very effective and helpful in improving results and relationships if conducting well. Before confronting people, first, we need to analyze the consequences of either confronting or not confronting this person. Then we need to identify the real issue by unbundling with CPR (context, patter, and relation), and distill to a single sentence for the whole situation. Then we can make a decision on whether to confront this person or not. Also, to master confrontations, we need to avoid silence, violence, and hogs. This paper will discover a potential confrontation that has troubled me for quite a long time, and use the skills that I learned in this class to examine the situation and decide whether to conduct confrontation or not. The issue that bothers me for a long time is a grading discrepancy with a professor. I took that class year. I got 89. 6% of that class. Most of the students in that class were the same major with me and we’ve know each other very well. The score that I disagree with is the participation points. The grading policy was the quality of the I thought I was misjudged as Confrontation Cindy Xin Wang MBA 5500 Managing Confrontation Writing Assignment 1 Mar. 25th, 2010 Confrontation: Based on My Personal Experience Confrontation is never a pleasant process for both the one who conducts the action and the one who is confronted with. According to the textbook, crucial confrontation is defined as face-to-face accountability discussions with the aim to address and close the gap between expectations and actual performances. The gap is usually violated expectations, broken promises, or poor performances. Confrontation is not a simple discussion but deals with an urgent high-steak issue. The differences between what was promised or expected and what actually happened are very common in real life. Most of the time, however, people try to avoid confronting others even though they want to hold someone accountable. They believe the action is either unnecessary or unaffordable. After the first lectures in this class, I began to realize that some confrontations do not necessarily to be unpleasant. Some confrontations could be very effective and helpful in improving results and relationships if conducting well. Before confronting people, first, we need to analyze the consequences of either confronting or not confronting this person. Then we need to identify the real issue by unbundling with CPR (context, patter, and relation), and distill to a single sentence for the whole situation. Then we can make a decision on whether to confront this person or not. Also, to master confrontations, we need to avoid silence, violence, and hogs. This paper will discover a potential confrontation that has troubled me for quite a long time, and use the skills that I learned in this class to examine the situation and decide whether to conduct confrontation or not. The issue that bothers me for a long time is a grading discrepancy with a professor. I took that class year. I got 89. 6% of that class. Most of the students in that class were the same major with me and we’ve know each other very well. The score that I disagree with is the participation points. The grading policy was the quality of the I thought I was misjudged as

David Walker Appeal Paper Essay

Before David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World during the 1800’s, there had not been any other type of anti-slavery documents published. Although the Appeal is directed to black slaves, its powerful moral message and indictment of white America’s hypocritical society and oppressive, brutal system of slavery is a moral message that resonates to all audiences, including whites. Walker’s Appeal calls for slaves to rebel against their masters as the means of reacquiring their humanity. Walker relies heavily upon religious values of Christianity, communicating strongly with free and enslaved blacks: The man who would not fight under the Lord and Master Jesus Christ, in the glorious and heavenly cause of freedom and of God, to be delivered from the most wretched, abject and servile slavery, that ever a people was afflicted with since the foundation of the world, to the present day, ought to be kept with all his children or family, in slavery, or chains, to be butchered by his cruel enemies. (Walker Article 1) The Appeal sent out fear and terror throughout the white community as some states even passed laws that would sentence blacks, or even whites, to severe punishment if caught with the pamphlet. Finzsch cites to Eaton who points out that â€Å"in Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana and South Carolina anyone be it slave, free black or white who was caught with the pamphlet was tried and usually found guilty of inciting insurrection† and it also inspired enslaved blacks to fight for their freedom regardless of the consequences (Finzsch, 5). Walker’s purpose is a call for unity amongst slaves and to educate them as to their immediate need to fight back against their masters. In order to communicate his ideas, Walker attacks the values and the veracity of the United States history by pointing out the hypocrisy of the institution of slavery in a self-proclaimed nation that pretended to stand for constitutional equality, democracy and freedom. Walker powerfully challenges these notions by raising views that were being brought up mostly as a result of scientific racism and the idea that religion justifies slavery. Any discussion of abolition was always a radi cal, dangerous, and illegal conversation during the times of slavery. Slavery was the horrific social, political and economic system that allowed the United States to rapidly accumulate wealth, thus unjustly elevating whites to positions of immense power and privilege. When Walker  published his Appeal his document traveled throughout a political terrain that was controlled by whites, and these whites relied upon anti-black racist documents such as the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia. All of these documents systematically deemed blacks as un-human, excluding blacks from political protection, and condoned chattel slavery. Walker’s message in his Appeal resonates in the white community of that time because it directly challenges the myths relied upon by those whites in their â€Å"mythical† documents. The historical opening lines of the Declaration of Independence read â€Å"we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† This opening statement did not include black people, but rather it excluded them under the term that all â€Å"men† were not human. As the rest of the United States Constitution eventually clarified enslaved black people were not recognized as human beings and therefore were not entitled to the rights, privileges, and protection of the law. Furthermore, slavery was a legal institution under these sets of beliefs. Another one of the most influential documents of the time was Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia of 1781. Although Jefferson owned slaves, he considered himself to be an opponent of slavery. Within the document Jefferson compared blacks to whites and concluded by holding that black people were inferior to whites on multiple levels. Have they not, after having reduced us to the deplorable condition of slaves under their feet, held us up as descending originally from the tribes of Monkeys or Orang- Outings? (Walker Article 1) Jefferson believed that emancipation for blacks should mean the removal of them from the United States based on the hostility that blacks would harbor to whites, Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia further entrenched the practice of the dehumanization of black people, something that Walker’s Appeal deeply emphasizes and a message that whites and bla ck could easily understand. In order to support his call for slaves to unify and revolt against their masters Walker challenges the ideas of political documents relied upon whites. Walker effectively uses religion to pursued whites and blacks that the institution of slavery was massively unjust. Walker states that God and religion actually discouraged all forms  of slavery. For example he states, Are we MEN!! I ask you, my brethren are we MEN? Did our creator make us to be slaves to dust and ashes like ourselves? Are they not dying worms as well as we? Have they not to make their appearance before the tribunal of Heaven, to answer for the deeds done in the body, as well as we? Have we any other Master but Jesus Christ alone? Is he not their Master as well as ours? What right then, have we to obey and call any other Master, but Himself? (Walker, Article 1) Walker states that God is the lone master to which all humankind must obey. On these grounds Walker shuns the idea that black people must obey a white human master. Walker stands by the fact that the only master black people have are God himself and not the white man. Furthermore, he brings light to the fact that the white community will also have to answer to God for their acts of violence. Both blacks and whites can und erstand this religious and moral message. Not only did Walker challenge racism and the idea of religion to justify slavery, he also confronted Thomas Jefferson. Walker states:Mr. Jefferson said, when a master was murdered, all his slaves in the same house, or within hearing, were condemned to death, Here let me ask Mr. Jefferson, but he is gone to answer at the bar of God, for the deeds done in his body while living, I therefore ask the whole American people, had I not rather die, or be put to death, than to be a slave to any tyrant, who takes not only my own, but my wife and children’s lives by the inches? Yea, would I meet death with avidity far! Far!! (Walker, Article 1) Walker uses vial language to get others to understand the grotesque acts of violence that the white society inflicted on the black body and states that he would rather die fighting for freedom than be a subject to slavery. He was speaking for others who were afraid and did not have a voice, and for others who just needed a backbone and needed to be supported. Douglass’s rebellion narrative, The Heroic Slave, clearly important in its own right, is vastly diff erent from Walker in many ways. Douglass bases his work on the mutiny led by rebel slave Madison Washington on the Creole in 1841. The narrative is powerful, but the organizational intent and style is vastly different from the approach taken by Walker. Douglass uses a â€Å"storytelling† method to make his points. For example, the international sea and Britain are used by Douglass in The Heroic Slave to symbolize freedom (see Sweeny generally) And, unlike the aggressive and direct language used by Walker,  Douglass uses softer language to make his points in a more sublime manner. For example, in describing Washington as a self-emancipating figure, Douglass states, Washington is â€Å"standing erect, a smile of satisfaction . . . upon his expressive countenance, like . . . one who has just . . . .vanquished a malignant foe, for at that moment he was free . . . The future gleamed . . . .before him . . . his fetters lay broke at his feet. His air was triumphant (Douglass, Part 1). Works Cited Finzsch, Norbet. â€Å" David Walker and The Fight against Slavery † 2012. Douglas, Frederick. The Heroic Slave. Sweeney, Fionnghula. â€Å"Visual Culture and Fictive Technique in Frederick Douglass’s The Heroic Slave,† Slavery and Abolition, June 2012: 305-320. Walker, David. â€Å"Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World †1830.

Is Bottled Water Safer than Tap Water?

The question on whether on whether bottled water is safer for drinking than tap water is marked with many controversies and therefore it is a subject of discussion. This paper seeks to discuss reasons as to why bottled water is not safer than tap water. The National Resource Defense Council confirmed that the rules regulating bottled water were not sufficient to guarantee the people’s safety. The food and drug administration was responsible for the bottled water at national levels and allowed carbonated water (NRDC, 2008).Further to this, bottled water is not often tested for bacterial or any other contamination and this creates loop holes for unsafe water to be bottled. Bottled water has been confirmed by the Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) through a four year research review to be not necessarily safe. This research study was inclusive of the safety standards that regulate the bottled water industry in comparison with the national rules governing the tap water.The NR DC after carrying out test on over 1000 bottles come to the conclusion that a reasonable percentage of all bottled water was just tap water, which was not treated (NRDC, 2008). The fact that different water bottling companies exist and carry their bottling procedures differently need to be appreciated right at the beginning of this paper otherwise its content could be generalized unnecessarily. This is because as per the National Resource Defense council, some companies’ product was found to satisfy the safety rules but others proved to be contaminated by harmful chemicals which were put with an aim of improving test.Research studies have shown that plastic bottle which are commonly used for bottling water have some chemicals which can disassociate and leach into the water. These chemicals are known to affect testosterone which is a vital hormone in human beings. References Natural Resource Defense Council. (2008). Bringing Safe Water to the World. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http://www. nrdc. org/international/safewater. asp

Corporation information Essay

This section it’s dedicated to provide all the information related to the company that our clients need, and to offer a brief history of how the company was created as a responsible company and providing a service that exceeds our customer’s expectations. Our company recognizes that accomplishment and maintenance of security program is our personal responsibility, therefore, we will have to take initiative and be an example, this way we will maintain our system implemented by different techniques and tools like: Trainings on C-TPAT Security processes described * Security Controled and Registred. * Technology of innovation * Personnel recruited * Internal Audits * Selection of business partners Since we look for  implementation and development of the program of security C-TPAT we must fulfill some requirements to maintain a greater security in all the chain of supplies. Thus we have verifiable writings for selection of our businesses partners. We request for procedures of security and the processes to fulfill the minimum requirements of security established by the C-TPAT, participating in a questionnaire applied by our company. When completing this questionnaire, not only will help us to fulfill our obligations like member of the C-TPAT, but also some of our customers will look for fulfill requirements for importer and to become members of the C-TPAT. Guarantee security of our processes and our clients’ also. Questionnaire is designed to identify those areas where improvements are necessary to fulfill minimm security requirements. Correct identification of a security weakness will not affect our relation of businesses, but it will allow us to work with our clients to develop a plan of security improvement if necessary. All the people working on the company contribute to our success. An integration of our different talents and perspective, stimulate new and creative opportunities for our business. Collectively, it will generate a rewarding and more exciting work atmosphere where each individual feels like person in charge of performance of our company. We respect rights and dignity of all employees. We made an effort for being a company that independently attracts the best people, no matter origin, beliefs or life style. We are commited to create a work atmosphere with confidence and respect, inclusion and diversity, and employees are listened to improve team work. We assure all employees know our job enviroment, tasks, responsibilities and general activities to aim our organization. We develop their capacities through open and constructive conversations on their professional direction. Also we try to guarantee that all the employees are recognized and compensated by their yield. For our company the responsibility of each individual as employe is being conscious of policies and be responsible of his own behavior. Our integrity and reputation as company will not have to be committed. Any attitude that can seem questionable is not acceptable. (Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism), is a joint initiative of the government and businesses of create cooperation relations to fortify security of supply chains and borders. By this project, customs requests all companies to guarantee integrity of their security and to communicate this to commercial partners of supply chain. The company look for a certification as member of C-TPAT. Obtaining this certification, we will offer a better service to our customers with great security, reliance and rapidity exporting cargo, also our customers (importers) and our company will be benefitted with results obtained with implementation of C-TPAT. In order to articipate in C-TPAT, companies must elaborate and apply programs of integral security to improve security internal and external with partners and clients. Therefore, we have developed and maintained a complete and detailed security plan with directives of values of EE. UU. Customs. As C-TPAT includes all components of supply chain, such as importers, carriers, intermediaries, operators of warehouses and manufacturers, the company is determined to communicate security requirements for C-TPAT to suppliers and clie nts.